A cockpit or flight deck is the area, on the
front part of an aircraft, spacecraft, or submersible, from which a pilot controls the vehicle. The cockpit of an aircraft
contains flight instruments on an instrument
panel, and the controls that enable the pilot to fly the aircraft. In most
airliners, a door separates the cockpit from the aircraft cabin. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, all major airlines fortified their cockpits against access by hijackers.
(Picture
is from my Personal File)
Flight
instruments are the instruments in the cockpit of
an aircraft that
provide the pilot with
data about the flight situation of that aircraft, such as altitude, airspeed, vertical speed,
heading and much more other crucial information in flight. They improve safety
by allowing the pilot to fly the aircraft in level flight, and make turns,
without a reference outside the aircraft such as the horizon. Visual
flight rules (VFR) require an airspeed
indicator, an altimeter, and
a compass or
other suitable magnetic direction indicator. Instrument
flight rules (IFR) additionally require a gyroscopic
pitch-bank (artificial
horizon), direction (directional gyro) and rate of
turn indicator, plus a slip-skid indicator, adjustable altimeter, and a clock.
Flight into instrument
meteorological conditions (IMC) require radio navigation instruments
for precise takeoffs and landings. The
term is sometimes used loosely as a synonym for cockpit instruments as
a whole, in which context it can include engine instruments, navigational and
communication equipment. Many modern aircraft have electronic
flight instrument systems.
Most
regulated aircraft have these flight instruments as dictated by the US Code
of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Part 91. They are grouped
according to pitot-static
system, compass systems, and gyroscopic instruments.
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